Cemetery Wildlife – November 2022

What a wet month this has been!  It was still quite mild at the start, but it got colder towards the end and there was even a light frost on at least one of those days.  Despite all the rain the volunteers still managed to set hundreds of wildflower plants in the grass verge along Spring Bank West.  These were provided by the Council and some of the Council officers also helped us to plant them.  This will hopefully help to increase the biodiversity of the cemetery wildlife.  We are all looking forward to seeing the plants growing and flowering next year!

Birds

I’ve started this report with a Goldfinch because her bright colours were a welcome sight on a dull, wet day. The difference between the male and female of this species is very subtle – please see link at the end of this report containing more information.

I’ve seen plenty of Blue Tits, Great Tits and Chaffinches in the cemetery.  These seem to be the commonest of the small birds – I see them every day without fail.  Small groups of Chaffinches can often be seen feeding on the ground.  The females are pale brown and at a glance can sometimes look like Sparrows.

Chaffinch in the cemetery

 

I usually see at least one Robin although there are several of these highly territorial and inquisitive birds around.  I also saw a small flock of Long-tailed Tits calling to each other as they foraged for insects in the trees.

I’m happy to report regular sightings of Coal Tits again.  These are the same size, possibly slightly smaller, than Blue Tits.

A Coal Tit in the cemetery

As you can see it lacks the blue and yellow colours of the Blue Tit and instead has light brown sides. It has a white patch on top of its black head.

Nest Box Survey and Maintenance

Earlier this month we did our annual check of the nest boxes to see which ones had been used.  To qualify as “used” the box had to contain a complete nest.  Many of those nests were tightly packed into the nest boxes – note the slightly squared corners of this one.

One of the nests in the bird nest survey

We found a variety of materials had been used.  The one above seems to have been made from a white man-made material (possibly some sort of stuffing) and the outside of a tennis ball (green material).  But most were made of mainly natural materials such as moss and plant stems.

Nest - natural

We also found a few of the boxes contained unhatched eggs – more than last year.  I wonder if the hot summer weather encouraged the birds to try for a second or even a third brood?  The cold weather would then have arrived before the eggs had time to hatch.  One nest contained a dead chick that hadn’t managed to fledge and another nest contained the skeleton of what appeared to be a chick.  We also found quite a lot of woodlice in the nests.  All the old nests and nest material were removed from the boxes leaving them nice and clear for next year’s inhabitants.

Conclusion of Survey

We checked a total of 51 boxes and found that 31 of them had been used, giving an occupancy rate of 60.78%.  It’s impossible to produce a completely scientific analysis of what constitutes a successful nest box because there are so many different factors involved.  Design of box, size of entrance hole, position in the cemetery such as being near houses, near a road or footpath and so on all have to be considered.

Nevertheless a pattern has emerged over the 3 years we’ve been monitoring the nest boxes.  It seems the boxes in the most central parts of the cemetery were least likely to be used; those near the footpaths had good occupancy rates.  This includes the footpath nearest to Spring Bank West. This was a surprise considering how busy that road can often be. We also have a total of 13 boxes that have been used every year.  But it does seem that we now have more than enough boxes for the existing bird population.

And the inhabitants of the boxes?  Mainly Blue Tits, Great Tits and possibly Coal Tits.  And Pigeons in the only one of the two Owl boxes we have that had been occupied this year.   The other Owl box had not been used and still contained the nesting material we’d put there (as recommended) in the same condition that we left it in.  Good proof that our boxes are nice and waterproof!

Trees and Plants

There were some lovely colours on the trees in the early and middle parts of the month.

Turkey Oak in the centre of the cemetery

The rain really brought out those colours, especially on the leaves of the Norway Maples.

Norway Maple leaves

There are still plenty of fruits on the Pyracantha and the Holly, and I even found some Brambles still ripening.  But all are great sources of food for the cemetery wildlife to eat.

Brambles ripening on the bush

There were hardly any plants in flower this month.  I did manage to find some Red Campion though.

Red Campion still in flower

I can usually rely on the grass verge along Spring Bank West to provide some flowers, but this month I only found a couple of Dandelions and a bit of Groundsel. The flowers of the Groundsel never open fully – instead they stay compacted in a tubular shape that’s slightly wider at the top.

The tiny yellow flowers of Groundsel

But because we set so many new plants along the grass verge it should look even better than usual next Spring and Summer.  I’ll be able to tell you which have flourished because I’ve been monitoring the verge for a few years now and I know what’s usually there.

Insects and Other Small Creatures

I saw one butterfly right at the start of the month, this female Large White.  She looked a bit faded and her two black spots were only just visible.  The male has no spots.

Female Large White Butterfly

I still keep seeing Ladybirds in various places around the cemetery, and hoverflies and bees feeding on the Ivy flowers. Then I found these on a fallen log a few days ago and wondered what they could be.

The tiny eggs of a slug

It turns out they’re either snail or slug eggs.  I think they’re most likely to be slug eggs because I couldn’t see any shell markings on their insides.  I will keep checking them though, provided they don’t get eaten by the cemetery wildlife!

Mushrooms

November has been a good month for mushrooms and fungi, including Velvet Shank and Jelly Ear.  But as usual I haven’t been able to identify all of them for certain. I also noticed some Silverleaf Fungus starting to appear again on the same fallen log as in previous years.

A selection of fungi, some nibbled by the cemetery wildlife

Conclusion

November has been a very wet month but it hasn’t prevented the volunteers from carrying out the jobs we usually do at this time of the year.  This includes placing poppies on the headstones of the war dead.  And for the first time, both of our commemorative bird boxes (one for WW1 and the other for WW2) have been occupied.  But both of them by birds I hasten to add.  It is very rewarding to see human-related objects being used by the cemetery wildlife!

A squirrel on top of the WW2 nest box in the centre of the cemetery

Link to more information on those commemorated on the nest boxes:- https://friendsofhullgeneralcemetery.com/history/war-dead/

Link to information on the differences between male and female Goldfinches:- https://birdfact.com/articles/female-european-goldfinches

 

Cemetery Wildlife – October 2022

October has been a typical mid-Autumn month, with a mixture of rain, cool dull days and warmer than average sunny days.  The cemetery and grass verge are green and healthy, and there are plenty of berries and fungi to provide sustenance for the cemetery wildlife. The Summer drought seems to be a distant memory.

Trees and Shrubs

Many of the trees and shrubs are now bearing fruit.

There is plenty of Pyracantha growing along the back of the grass verge. It looks particularly vibrant at the moment and makes up for the lack of colourful flowers elsewhere.

Pyracantha on edge of cemetery
Pyracantha

There are some fruits on one of the Yew trees growing at the front of the grass verge. But these fruits are actually known as arils rather than berries because the seed is not fully enclosed.  Were you to look inside the red casing you would see the seed at the back of it.  My description of them in last month’s report is therefore incorrect!

Yew Berries for the wildlife
Yew

I’ve also seen berries on some of the Holly bushes growing in various places inside the cemetery and a few of the bramble bushes still have fruit ripening on them.

The ground is becoming covered in the fruits of many of the cemetery’s trees, including the Lime. This particular one caught my attention because of the large knobbly growths on its trunk. These are known as burrs.  I’ve inserted a link at the end of this report containing more information about what causes them.

Lime tree in the middle part of the cemetery
Lime Tree. The insert shows one of its leaves.

The trees and shrubs are also starting to show some lovely autumnal colours, including this Forsythia growing at the side of the entrance gates.  This is the shrub that provides a glorious array of yellow flowers in the springtime.

Forsythia at the cemetery gates
Forsythia with Greenbottle and Ladybird

Flowers

I didn’t find many flowers this month. Not the traditional-looking ones anyway.  There is still some Ragwort growing on the grass verge, together with a few Dandelions and some Smooth Sow-thistle.

Ragwort on the grass verge beside the cemetery
Ragwort (above)
Smooth Sow-thistle growing near the cemetery
Smooth Sow-thistle (above)

However, there is an abundance of flowers on the Ivy plants that are growing skywards all around the cemetery.  They provide a great source of food for the insect branch of the cemetery wildlife.  On a sunny day they are abuzz with the sound of Bees and other small insects.

Dronefly on Ivy Flower
Ivy Flower with European Dronefly

Insects

There are still plenty of Ladybirds around – native ones as well as Harlequins.  I’m still seeing Hoverflies and I even saw a few Butterflies earlier in the month.

Small White Butterfly (male)
Small White (male) (above)
Speckled Wood Butterfly
Speckled Wood (above)

Mushrooms

Remember the one I told you about last month that had fungi growing on it? This is what it looked like a couple of weeks ago!

A shrivelled mushroom with fungi on it in the cemetery

I found a lot of small mushrooms of various types, including these Velvet Shank, some partially eaten by the cemetery wildlife.

Velvet Shank Mushrooms growing on a log in the cemetery
Velvet Shank

Mushrooms can be hard to identify due to their often rapidly changing appearance.  I’ve therefore just summarised what I found this month without giving definitive identifications.  In any case there’s always the danger of giving an identification as an edible one and then it turns out to be poisonous.  However, I would not advocate any form of foraging in the cemetery – it’s only a relatively small site and the fungi should be left for the cemetery wildlife to eat.  Most of these mushrooms are tiny anyway.

A selection of small mushrooms found in and around the cemetery

Birds

I have no unusual avian visitors to report this month. I’ve seen just the usual Blackbirds, Robins, Wood Pigeons, Crows and Magpies.  I regularly see Goldfinches and Coal Tits now, plus the occasional Dunnock and Thrush.  But the small birds that seem to be the most abundant are Chaffinches, Blue Tits and Great Tits.  They’ve had a very successful year.

Blue tit
Blue Tit (above)

 

Great Tit
Great Tit (above)

Conclusion

The cemetery is looking good at the moment and is always an excellent place for a leisurely stroll.  But the month ended on a very wet note with lots of heavy showers and the footpaths are rather waterlogged at the moment.  The best path to walk on at the moment is the southern one – that’s the one that is nearest to Spring Bank West.

And now for a question – do you prefer to see the names of the plants and animals ON the photos or UNDERNEATH them?  I started showing them underneath the photos last month and just wondered what you thought of the change.  I can easily revert back to putting the names on the photos if necessary!

Useful link:-

https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/blog/2019/06/what-is-growing-on-my-tree/ 

Cemetery Wildlife – September 2022

The first week of September started well, with a few heavy though not prolonged showers providing some much-needed moisture to sustain the cemetery wildlife.

September contains the first day of Autumn, regardless of what day Autumn begins, be it the 1st (meteorological) or the 23rd (astronomical).  There were already plenty of fallen leaves carpeting the ground at the start of the month – these had already started to fall in August due to the hot dry weather of that month.  This is known as a “False Autumn”, where the trees relinquish their leaves early in order to save water.

Flowers and Plants

That rain arrived not a moment too soon, and the grass verge alongside the cemetery on Spring Bank West is green again. Dandelions have reappeared together with some similar looking but smaller yellow flowers – Autumn Hawkbit and Cats-ear.

Autumn Hawkbit on the grass verge alongside the cemetery
Autumn Hawkbit (above)
Cat's-ear - flower and leaf
Cat’s-ear (above)

The two plants look very similar, but the Hawkbit has red markings under the petals and smooth leaves.  Cat’s-ear has hairy leaves.  The Ragwort is also flowering again, and I found some Hedge Mustard and Wood Avens – both have tiny yellow flowers.

I didn’t find many plants in flower this month.  Most of the ones I found have yellow flowers but I did find some Common Hogweed and Daisies (white flowers) and some Cyclamen.

Cyclamen growing inside the cemetery
Cyclamen

I also found some Oxalis on one of the footpaths in the cemetery, but just a few leaves and no flowers.

Oxalis leaves in the cemetery
Oxalis

Lots of the trees and shrubs in the cemetery now have berries on them – a great source of food for the cemetery wildlife.  In the Quaker Burial Ground the Yew trees have produced lots of berries.

Fallen Yew berries
Yew Berries

Walking past there towards Western Cemetery, the Broad-leaved Whitebeam at the end of the path has lots of orange berries on it.

The orange berries of the Whitebeam
Broad-leaved Whitebeam

The naturalised Rose bushes inside the Cemetery have some fruits or hips on them.

Rose hips - perfect for the cemetery wildlife
Rose Hips

The Blackthorn has some berries too, although I only found them as either singles or growing in groups of two or three.

Blackthorn or Sloe Berries in the cemetery
Blackthorn or Sloe Berries

Many of the Bramble plants fruited quite early but there are still some fruits at all stages of ripening on the plants, including some uneaten fruits.  The seeds inside those fruits are still very useful to birds such as Bullfinches.  The Dogwood bushes have plenty of black berries on them – a particular favourite of Wood Pigeons and Blackbirds it seems.

Birds

This month I’m going to feature those members of the Corvid family that can be found in the Cemetery, namely Carrion Crows and Magpies.  There are several of each to be seen.  Both make a particularly loud cawing noise, sometimes an indication of a predator lurking nearby.

A Carrion Crow on a branch high up in the cemetery
Carrion Crow (above)
A Magpie in the cemetery
Magpie (above)

The Corvid family also includes Rooks, Ravens and Jays. I’ve never seen any of these in the Cemetery but a couple of Jays have been seen in the adjoining Western Cemetery by a visitor a few months ago.

The usual smaller birds are around in good numbers – Blackbirds, Chaffinches, Goldfinches, Blue Tits, Great Tits, Robins and Wrens.  I also saw a Coal tit – usually I see a couple of them most days but I haven’t seen any for a few weeks, so it was nice to finally see one again.  I also caught brief glimpses of a Blackcap and a Treecreeper.

Insects

And now a first for the Cemetery – a Southern Oak Bush-cricket.  These are relatively new arrivals to the UK, the first records being in the south of the country in 2001.  They’re expanding northwards, and this could be one of the most northerly sightings so far.  They’re usually found high up in the tree canopy but also appear in lower shrubs.  This one is a female.

Southern Oak Bush-cricket on a headstone in the cemetery
Southern Oak Bush-cricket

There are still a few Butterflies around – I saw a Red Admiral near the Cholera Monument, and a Small White along the grass verge.  The species I’ve seen most often though is the Speckled Wood, often flying high up in the trees and then coming to rest on the ground.

Speckled Wood inside the cemetery
Speckled Wood

There are still plenty of Ladybirds around, both native and Harlequin.  I found quite a lot on the sunny sides of headstones as well as on the vegetation. This 7-Spot is one of our native species.

7-Spot Ladybird on an Oak leaf in tjee cemetery
7-Spot Ladybird on Turkey Oak Leaf

I’m also still seeing hoverflies, including this Common Banded one.

Common Banded Hoverfly on Autumn Hawkbit
Common Banded Hoverfly on Autumn Hawkbit

Mushrooms

I found this interesting mushroom growing on a grave – it’s a type of Bolete.  It started off larger and paler than in the photo and now it’s shrivelled to a much smaller size. Parts have been eaten by the cemetery wildlife too.

A mushroom growing out of a grave in the cemetery
Bolete Mushroom – side and top views

There are quite a number of mushrooms in the cemetery at the moment.  They can be quite difficult to identify accurately as their appearance can change quite quickly.  This one started off smooth on top, and now it has its own fungus on it!

Mushroom with its own fungus in the cemetery
Mushroom with fungus

There are some tiny Inkcaps growing along some of the paths, and jelly-like fungus on some fallen trees.

Inkcap mushroom in the cemetery

Jelly-type fungus on a fallen tree in the cemetery

Conclusion

The only significant rainfall was early in the month. Since then, it has been cool and the footpaths are dry again, making an early Autumn stroll around the cemetery easy.  Do pop in there and look at the cemetery wildlife – you might spot something I haven’t noticed yet!

Robin on a headstone in the cemetery

Link to further information about fungi – 

https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/trees-woods-and-wildlife/fungi-and-lichens/

 

Cemetery Wildlife – August 2022

The very warm dry weather of the last month continued throughout the first half of August and this included another heatwave.  The temperatures didn’t quite reach the record ones set in July but it was still very hot and dry.  As a result, the grass verge alongside Spring Bank West is looking parched and dry and not ideal for the cemetery wildlife.  I found very few wildflowers growing there as most of the plants have died and no fresh ones have sprouted up to replace them. 

Mushrooms

I’m starting this month’s report with fungi for a change, because on the very first day of the month I saw a small group of Hare’s foot Inkcaps (pictured above).  These delicate little beauties last for less than 48 hours, so I was very lucky to catch them when I did.  The ones in the photo have just started to decay, hence their curling up at the edges and starting to turn inky black.  At the bottom of the photo are some new mushrooms just starting to emerge.  This is how they get their name, because these new “buds” are said to resemble a hare’s foot.

I also spotted a much more robust species – the Dryad’s Saddle – earlier in the month.  Its condition has now deteriorated, having been partially eaten by the cemetery wildlife.  But in its prime I watched it releasing some tiny spores, like very faint smoke drifting in the air. This is the underside of one of those deteriorating mushrooms.

Dryad's Saddle mushroom in the centre of the cemetery

Butterflies and Insects

I noticed quite a few dragonflies in the air over various parts of the cemetery and also over the planted areas behind Thoresby Street school.  However they were quite high up and none of them landed so I’m unable to say which species they were.

I saw several white butterflies in flight, and managed to identify at least some of them as Green-veined Whites.  But the commonest and easiest to identify at this time of the year is the Speckled Wood.  I saw several of these throughout the month.

A Speckled Wood Butterfly in the cemetery

 

I also caught brief glimpses of lots of newly-emerged Holly Blue butterflies this month.  These will most probably be the second brood of the year. They fly quite high in the air, looking for a mate.  Once mated they will then lay their eggs on Ivy flower buds.  I also saw some Bees, Hoverflies and Ladybirds in and around the Cemetery.

Birds

I caught a couple of brief glimpses of some Bullfinches – a male and a female – but unfortunately I didn’t manage to get any photos.  But a Goldfinch pair I’ve been watching throughout the month have successfully raised two young.

Adult and juvenile Goldfinch in Hull General Cemetery

A Sparrowhawk was seen by one of the volunteers, and I’ve also heard at least one Tawny Owl calling on a number of occasions.

I’ve seen good numbers of Blue Tits and Great Tits, both adults and fledglings. The most common finch in the Cemetery is the Chaffinch and there are several pairs and youngsters around.  There are always several Robins around, and I’ve seen young of theirs as well.  There are several pairs of Blackbirds in the cemetery, also with fledglings.  It’s been a good year for all these species.

Juvenile Blackbird looking out over the cemetery

Trees and Flowers

Back in March last year the volunteers planted three Silver Birch trees at the eastern end of the cemetery.  I’m pleased to report two of the trees are thriving and have catkins on them. This is a monoecious species, meaning the tree contains both male and female catkins and can therefore produce its own seeds without the need for cross-pollination with another tree.

Silver Birch at the eastern end of the cemetery

The hot dry weather has meant some of the trees have started to lose their leaves earlier than usual.  Some of the medium sized trees are already bearing ripe fruit, such as the Elderberry and Dogwood.  Both these types of berry are an important source of food for the cemetery wildlife, especially the birds.

Dogwood with berries along one of the cemetery's footpaths

 

As already mentioned, there are hardly any flowers growing on the grass verge other than a few Dandelions.  A few plants inside the cemetery are still flowering, with the Great Willowherb adding a splash of welcome colour in the centre of the cemetery.

Great Willowherb in the centre of the cemetery

I also managed to find a few plants with clusters of small white flowers on them.  They can be difficult to identify, all looking very similar at first glance.  However, one should never assume they are just Cow Parsley, by far the most prolific of the white-flowering plants in and around the Cemetery!  In any case their flowering season ended in July.  This month I found Upright Hedge-parsley, Wild Carrot and Common Hogweed growing in various places.

Upright Hedge-parsley

 

Wild Carrot

Common Hogweed

 

Conclusion

August started off hot, dry and sunny with a heatwave in the middle of the month.  Then it got cooler and there were a few days with intermittent rain showers.  The heaviest of the rain fell in the last week but at best it simply left the footpaths rather damp. The Cemetery was not affected by the flooding that other parts of the country suffered.  It’s too early to say whether or not the rainfall was sufficient to enable fresh growth, especially along the grass verge.  The rain was certainly good for the cemetery wildlife though!

Snail on Headstone at the Prim Corner end of the cemetery

Snail and headstone on a rare rainy day!

An interesting article about trees:-

https://friendsofhullgeneralcemetery.com/tree-hugging/

And a useful site for wildflower identification:-

https://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/

 

Cemetery Wildlife – December 2021

Cemetery Wildlife December

A few days after going to press last month, storm Arwen hit us.  I’m happy to report that none of the cemetery’s trees suffered any major damage during that storm.  A few branches broke loose but none of them were large enough to cause any damage.  But at the beginning of December storm Barra arrived and this caused some more significant damage to one of the trees near the main gates.  A large branch the size of a small tree broke off a Sycamore, blocking one of the footpaths.  Luckily it didn’t damage any of the headstones although it did fall quite close to them.  The volunteers quickly got it cleared it away.

December got off to a very cold, wet and windy start and there was even a slight dusting of snow in the first week.  It remained wet for most of the month and the footpaths are still very soft and muddy.  The fallen branches were put to good use by the volunteers, turning them into chippings which were used to repair the worst affected parts of the footpaths. Before the chippings were laid, some of the deepest mud was removed and put to one side, revealing many worms in the process.  The Robins were quick to notice this – it is always nice to see the cemetery wildlife benefiting from human activity!

Trees and Plants

Most of the trees are now bare, but a few pockets of leaves are still clinging on to some of them – for example, on this Norway Maple.

Norway Maple

I was surprised to see some flowers on one of the Pyracantha bushes growing along the grass verge on Spring Bank West, especially considering that it still had a few berries on it last month.  It is in a sunny location though.

Pyracantha in flower

There are still some berries on the Rowan – a good source of food for the birds.  Over the course of the next few years, it is hoped we can plant some new native trees and shrubs of the kind that have plenty of berries on them.  This will provide food for the current cemetery wildlife and hopefully attract new species, increasing the site’s biodiversity.

Rowan

Very few plants are in flower at the moment.  I noticed a Dandelion and some Smooth Sow-thistle along the grass verge, and also some Hogweed, although it was a much smaller plant than usual, being less than a foot tall.

Hogweed (2)

Birds

The highlight of this month was seeing three Bullfinches in a wild area towards the eastern side of the cemetery – please see lead photo at the start of this report.  This is the first time I’ve seen Bullfinches in the cemetery this year – they seem to be only occasional visitors at the moment.  But they do appear to like feeding on the seeds found in old Brambles and there are plenty of these in the cemetery.  Several areas, where there are no headstones, are deliberately left untouched for the benefit of the cemetery wildlife.

There are lots of Wood Pigeons around, and I’ve also seen a pair of Stock Doves in amongst them.  The Wood Pigeons are the larger of the two species.  I mentioned them in my first report back in March – these more detailed photos illustrate the different plumage and eye colours much better.

Wood Pigeon

The volunteers put up some more bird boxes a few weeks ago.  I noticed a Blue Tit checking one out only last week.  It seems quite early to be starting the nesting process, but it might just have been looking for somewhere to shelter from the cold.

Blue Tit (2)

Fungi

Last month I mentioned the intriguingly named King Alfred’s Cakes that one of the volunteers had found, and I managed to find quite a few of them too.  I wouldn’t normally do this, but I removed one from the tree and sliced through it to see what it looked like inside.  One of my reference books describes it as “Inedible. A folk remedy to relieve night cramp and it is called Cramp Balls for this reason”.

King Alred's Cakes

I also found a few very small mushrooms on the ground, some of which were growing out of the wood chippings laid earlier on in the year. Fallen branches can be good places for mushrooms to grow, and some of the larger branches have been deliberately left where they fell to encourage this.  Fungi, plus the tiny insects that can sometimes be seen on them, are another good food source for the cemetery wildlife.

Conclusion

It has been a very cold, wet and dull month but there is still plenty of wildlife around. As I write this it is nearly Christmas; by the time you read this Christmas will be over.  I hope yours was a happy Christmas and that the coming year will be a good one for you!

Robin fake snow

 

Ms Crackles

Ms Eva Crackles was born in Hull in 1918 and worked as a teacher for many years at Malet Lambert School. She received an honorary degree from the University of Hull in the 1990s. This was  followed swiftly by an MBE for recognition of her work in conservation. She died in 2007. Her works include ‘The Flowering Plants of Spurn’ and her major work, ‘Flora of the East Riding’.

This much can be gained by looking at her Wikipedia site.

However a little known piece of her work took place 45  years ago this month. She drafted a three page letter to the Leiusre Services Committee of Hull City council. In it she detailed her concerns for the ‘development of the Hull General Cemetery. She also gave a detailed analysis of the environment and ecology of the Cemetery at that time.

From a noted biologist this information should have been grasped thankfully by the Council. This report was perhaps something that they would and should have had to pay for. She gave them it as a gift.

Their reaction? Thanks but no thanks.

Here it is for your pleasure. I hope you enjoy it.

Forty five years later

Sadly, the biodiversity that Ms Crackles spoke of has decreased. Due almost entirely to the proliferation of the Sycamore, which is a poor tree with regard to habitat or food source for insects. Without the proliferation of aphids in summer it would be poor for birds too.

The Friends of Hull General Cemetery have raised this issue with the Council. The Council are in sympathy with the idea that many of the sycamores should be replaced with less invasive species such as Birch and Rowan but we were told that funding for such a scheme was problematic.

As such we just have to accept that what was once described by Ms Crackles as a ‘mixed deciduous woodland’ is, over time, becoming nothing more than a Sycamore plantation.

 

18 12 76 a

18 12 76 b

18 12 76 c